ANU UG/Degree 4th Sem(Y23) Database Management Systems Unit Wise Important Questions

  ANU UG/Degree 4th Sem(Y23) Database Management Systems Unit Wise Important Questions are now available, these questions are very important for your semester exams. These questions are prepared by top qualified faculty. Read these questions for good marks.

 

UNIT- I
Overview of Database Management System: Introduction to data, information, database, database management systems, file-based system, Drawbacks of file-Based System, database approach, Classification of Database Management Systems, advantages of database approach, Various Data Models, Components of Database Management System, three schema architecture of data base, costs and risks of database approach.

Short Answer Questions

1. Define data, information, database, and database management system (DBMS).
2. What is a file-based system, and what are its main drawbacks compared to a DBMS?
3. Explain the database approach and list its key advantages over file-based systems.
4. How are Database Management Systems classified? Mention at least two different classification criteria.
5. Identify and briefly describe various data models used in DBMS.
6. What is the three-schema architecture in a database system, and why is it important?

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the evolution from file-based systems to the database approach, highlighting the limitations of file-based systems and the benefits of adopting a DBMS.
2. Provide a comprehensive overview of the components of a Database Management System and explain the role of each component in managing data effectively.
3. Analyze the different classification schemes for DBMS, detailing classifications based on data models, user access, and system architecture.
4. Explain the various data models used in DBMS. Compare and contrast at least two models with examples of their applications.
5. Describe the three-schema architecture of a database system. Explain the functions of the external, conceptual, and internal schemas and their significance in data abstraction.
6. Evaluate the costs and risks associated with implementing a database approach. Discuss the key factors that organizations must consider during the transition from file-based systems to a DBMS.

 UNIT - II
Entity-Relationship Model: Introduction, the building blocks of an entity relationship diagram, classification of entity sets, attribute classification, relationship degree, relationship classification, reducing ER diagram to tables, enhanced entity-relationship model (EER model), generalization and specialization, IS A relationship and attribute inheritance, multiple inheritance, constraints on specialization and generalization, advantages of ER modeling.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is an Entity-Relationship (ER) model, and what are its fundamental components?
2. How are entity sets classified, and what distinguishes a strong entity set from a weak entity set?
3. Describe the different types of attributes in an ER model, such as simple, composite, and derived attributes.
4. Define relationship degree and explain how relationships are classified based on their degree (binary, ternary, etc.).
5. Briefly explain the process of reducing an ER diagram to relational tables.
6. What is the enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) model, and how do generalization and specialization contribute to it?

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the building blocks of an ER diagram by defining entities, attributes, and relationships. Include examples to illustrate simple and composite attributes as well as various relationship types.
2. Explain the classification of entity sets and attributes in detail. Describe the concept of weak entities and the role of supporting relationships, and discuss the implications of different attribute types.
3. Analyze the concept of relationship degree and classification in ER models. Provide detailed examples of binary, ternary, and higher-degree relationships, and explain their relevance in database design.
4. Describe the process of transforming an ER diagram into relational tables. Discuss how entities, attributes, and relationships are mapped into tables, including the handling of primary and foreign keys.
5. Examine the enhanced ER (EER) model with a focus on generalization and specialization. Explain the IS-A relationship, attribute inheritance, and the idea of multiple inheritance with relevant examples.
6. Evaluate the constraints imposed on specialization and generalization in ER modeling. Discuss the advantages of using ER models in database design as well as potential challenges or limitations that might arise.

 UNIT - III

Relational Model: Introduction, CODD Rules, relational data model, concept of key, relational integrity, relational algebra, relational algebra operations, advantages of relational algebra, limitations of relational algebra, relational calculus, tuple relational calculus, domain relational Calculus (DRC), Functional dependencies and normal forms upto 3rd normal form.

Short Answer Questions

1. Define the relational data model and explain its key components, including tables, rows, and columns.
2. What are CODD Rules, and why are they fundamental to the relational model?
3. Explain the concept of a key in the relational model. Differentiate between a primary key and a candidate key.
4. What is meant by relational integrity? Briefly describe the concept of referential integrity.
5. List and briefly describe three fundamental operations of relational algebra.
6. Distinguish between tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus (DRC).

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the relational model in detail by explaining its basic structure, components, and the significance of CODD Rules in defining a relational database system.
2. Analyze the concept of keys in the relational model. In your answer, include definitions and examples of primary keys, candidate keys, and foreign keys, and discuss their roles in maintaining relational integrity.
3. Describe relational algebra comprehensively. Explain its basic operations such as selection, projection, join, union, and set difference, and discuss both its advantages and limitations in querying databases.
4. Compare and contrast relational algebra and relational calculus. Explain their syntactical differences, expressive powers, and practical applications in database query formulation.
5. Explain the concept of functional dependencies and their importance in the normalization process. Illustrate how these dependencies are used to achieve normal forms up to the Third Normal Form (3NF) with appropriate examples.
6. Provide an in-depth analysis of the relational data model, discussing its theoretical foundations, including both relational algebra and relational calculus, and explain how these theories underpin modern SQL-based database management systems.

 UNIT - IV
Structured Query Language: Introduction, Commands in SQL, Data Types in SQL, Data Definition Language, Selection Operation, Projection Operation, Aggregate functions, Data Manipulation Language, Table Modification Commands, Join Operation, Set Operations, View, Sub Query.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Structured Query Language (SQL) and what are its primary components?
2. Differentiate between Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) in SQL.
3. List and describe the main SQL commands used for creating and modifying database schemas.
4. How do the selection and projection operations work in a SQL SELECT statement?
5. What are aggregate functions in SQL? Provide examples and their typical uses.
6. What is a subquery in SQL, and how can it be used within a larger SQL query?

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the evolution and structure of SQL, including an overview of its data types and its role in relational database management systems.
2. Provide a comprehensive explanation of Data Definition Language (DDL) in SQL. Illustrate your answer with examples of commands such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP, and explain their effects on database schema design.
3. Analyze the SQL SELECT statement by explaining how selection and projection operations are implemented. Include examples to show how filtering conditions and sorting can be combined with these operations.
4. Explain the role of aggregate functions in SQL. Discuss how functions like SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX are used to summarize data, and provide sample queries that illustrate their application.
5. Describe the various table modification commands in SQL and their practical applications. Explain how commands such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and TRUNCATE contribute to effective data management.
6. Compare and contrast join operations and set operations in SQL. Provide examples of different types of joins (inner, left, right, full) and set operations (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT), and discuss the concept and benefits of views in SQL.

 UNIT - V
PL/SQL: Introduction, Shortcomings of SQL, Structure of PL/SQL, PL/SQL Language Elements, Data Types, Operators Precedence, Control Structure, Steps to Create a PL/SQL, Program, Iterative Control, Procedure, Function, Database Triggers, Types of Triggers

Short Answer Questions

1. What is PL/SQL, and how does it extend the capabilities of standard SQL?
2. Identify and explain some shortcomings of SQL that led to the development of PL/SQL.
3. Describe the basic structure of a PL/SQL block and its main sections.
4. What are the key language elements in PL/SQL, including its data types and operator precedence rules?
5. Outline the steps required to create and execute a PL/SQL program, highlighting the role of control structures.
6. What are database triggers in PL/SQL, and what are the different types of triggers commonly used?

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the introduction to PL/SQL by explaining its purpose, features, and how it overcomes the limitations of standard SQL. Provide examples to illustrate its advantages.
2. Describe the detailed structure of a PL/SQL block, including its declaration, execution, and exception-handling sections. Explain how each section contributes to the overall functionality of a PL/SQL program.
3. Explain the concept of operator precedence in PL/SQL. Discuss how it affects the evaluation of expressions and the importance of understanding it when writing complex PL/SQL statements.
4. Analyze the control structures in PL/SQL, with a focus on iterative controls (loops) and conditional statements. Provide examples to show how these structures manage the flow of a program.
5. Compare and contrast PL/SQL procedures and functions, discussing their syntax, use cases, and how they are defined and invoked within a PL/SQL program.
6. Provide a comprehensive overview of database triggers in PL/SQL. Discuss the different types of triggers, their creation process, and practical scenarios where triggers enhance database integrity and automation.