ANU UG/Degree 4th Sem(Y23) Database Management System with Oracle Unit Wise Important Questions

   ANU UG/Degree 4th Sem(Y23) Database Management System with Oracle Unit Wise Important Questions are now available, these questions are very important for your semester exams. These questions are prepared by top qualified faculty. Read these questions for good marks.

 

Unit 1: Overview of Database Systems: Introduction: Database system, Characteristics (Database Vs File System), Database Users, Advantages of Database systems, Database applications. Data Models: Introduction; types of data models, Concepts of Schema, Instance and data independence; Three tier schema architecture for data independence; Database system structure, environment, Centralized and Client Server architecture for the database. 

Short Answer Questions

1. Define a database system and explain one key difference between a database system and a traditional file system.
2. List two major advantages of using a database system over a file system.
3. Identify and briefly describe the role of two types of database users.
4. What are data models in the context of databases, and why are they important?
5. Define the term "schema" in a database system. How does it differ from an "instance"?
6. Briefly compare centralized database architecture with client-server architecture.

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the fundamental differences between a database system and a file system, highlighting characteristics such as data redundancy, consistency, and security, with examples.
2. Explain the different types of database users (e.g., end users, application programmers, database administrators) and describe the specific roles and responsibilities of each.
3. Describe the various types of data models used in database systems (e.g., hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented) and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each.
4. Define the concepts of schema, instance, and data independence, and explain how these concepts are critical to the design and management of modern database systems.
5. Elaborate on the three-tier schema architecture by describing the external, conceptual, and internal levels, and discuss how this separation contributes to data independence.
6. Compare and contrast centralized database architecture with client-server database architecture, discussing their environments, benefits, potential drawbacks, and scenarios where one might be preferred over the other.

Unit 2: Relational Model: Introduction to relational model, Codd’s rules, concepts of domain, attribute, tuple, relation, constraints (Domain, Key constraints, integrity constraints) and their importance , concept of keys (super key, candidate key, primary key, surrogate key, foreign key) , relational Algebra & relational calculus. 

Normalization: Purpose of Normalization or schema refinement, concept of functional dependency, normal forms based on functional dependency(1NF, 2NF and 3 NF), Boyce-codd normal form(BCNF)

Short Answer Questions

1. Define the relational model and explain one feature that distinguishes it from other data models.
2. What are Codd’s rules and why are they fundamental to relational databases?
3. Define the terms domain, attribute, tuple, and relation in the context of the relational model.
4. Describe the role and importance of constraints (domain, key, and integrity constraints) in a relational database.
5. Differentiate between candidate key, primary key, surrogate key, and foreign key.
6. What is normalization? Briefly define 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the relational model in detail, including its components and the significance of Codd’s rules in shaping database design.
2. Explain the concepts of domain, attribute, tuple, and relation, and illustrate how these elements interrelate within a relational database schema.
3. Elaborate on the various constraints in relational databases, such as domain constraints, key constraints, and integrity constraints, and discuss their importance in maintaining data quality.
4. Compare and contrast the different types of keys (super key, candidate key, primary key, surrogate key, and foreign key) and explain how each contributes to database integrity.
5. Describe relational algebra and relational calculus, highlighting their roles in query formulation and processing within relational databases.
6. Explain the purpose of normalization, discuss functional dependencies, and detail the characteristics of 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) with examples.

Unit 3: Entity Relationship Model: Introduction, Representation of entities, attributes, entity set, relationship, relationship set, constraints, sub classes, super class, inheritance, specialization, generalization using ER Diagrams, 

BASIC SQL: Database schema, data types, DDL operations (create, alter, drop, rename), DML operations (insert, delete, update), basic SQL querying (select and project) using where clause, arithmetic & logical operations, aggregation, grouping, ordering.

Short Answer Questions

1. Define the entity-relationship model and explain what an entity and an attribute represent in this context.
2. What is an entity set, and how does it differ from a single entity in an ER diagram?
3. Describe the concepts of relationship and relationship set in ER modeling.
4. Explain the role of constraints in ER diagrams and provide one example.
5. What are subclasses and superclasses in the context of ER diagrams, and how do they illustrate inheritance?
6. Distinguish between DDL and DML in SQL by providing one example of each operation.

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the entity-relationship model in detail, including how entities, attributes, and relationships are represented, and discuss the importance of constraints in ER diagrams.
2. Explain the concepts of specialization, generalization, and inheritance in ER modeling, and illustrate how subclasses and superclasses are used to represent these ideas.
3. Outline the process of designing an ER diagram for a real-world scenario, including the identification of entities, relationships, and constraints.
4. Discuss the basic SQL operations by differentiating between DDL and DML commands, and provide detailed examples of operations such as create, alter, drop, insert, delete, and update.
5. Explain how SQL queries are structured using the SELECT statement, and describe the roles of the WHERE clause, arithmetic and logical operations, aggregation, grouping, and ordering.
6. Compare ER modeling with relational database design by discussing how ER diagrams are translated into a relational schema and how SQL queries are formulated based on that schema.

 Unit 4: SQL: Nested queries/ sub queries, implementation of different types of joins, SQL functions(Date, Numeric, String, Conversion functions), Creating tables with relationship, implementation of key and integrity constraints, views, relational set operations , Transaction Control Language: commit, Rollback, Savepoint , DCL :Grant, Revoke

Short Answer Questions

1. Define a nested query (subquery) in SQL and explain its basic usage.
2. What are the different types of joins available in SQL? Provide a brief explanation of one join type.
3. Identify one example each of SQL functions for date, numeric, string, and conversion purposes.
4. How do you create tables with relationships in SQL, and what role do key and integrity constraints play?
5. What is a view in SQL and what are its advantages compared to directly querying tables?
6. What are Transaction Control Language (TCL) and Data Control Language (DCL) commands in SQL? Briefly explain the functions of commit, rollback, savepoint, grant, and revoke.

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss nested queries in SQL by explaining their purpose, types (correlated vs. non-correlated), and providing examples of when to use each.
2. Elaborate on the implementation of different types of joins in SQL. Compare inner join, left/right outer join, full outer join, and self join with appropriate examples.
3. Explain the role and usage of various SQL functions—covering date, numeric, string, and conversion functions—and illustrate how they enhance query formulation.
4. Describe the process of creating tables with relationships in SQL, focusing on the implementation of primary keys, foreign keys, and integrity constraints. Include sample SQL statements to support your explanation.
5. Analyze the concept of views and relational set operations in SQL. Discuss how views contribute to data abstraction and security, and explain set operations such as union, intersection, and difference.
6. Discuss Transaction Control Language (TCL) and Data Control Language (DCL) in SQL. Explain the significance and proper usage of commands like commit, rollback, savepoint, grant, and revoke, with examples to illustrate their roles.

Unit 5: PL/SQL: Introduction, Structure , Control Structures , Cursors , Procedure , Function , Packages , Exception Handling ,Triggers. Transaction processing Concepts : Transaction State, Implementation of Atomicity and Durability, Concurrent Executions, Serializability, Recoverability, Implementation of Isolation, Testing for Serializability, Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery algorithm.

Short Answer Questions

1. Define PL/SQL and outline the basic structure of a PL/SQL block.
2. What are control structures in PL/SQL? Provide an example of a loop or conditional structure.
3. Explain the role of cursors in PL/SQL and their significance in handling query results.
4. Differentiate between a procedure, a function, and a trigger in PL/SQL.
5. In transaction processing, what does the term "transaction state" refer to, and why is it important?
6. What is serializability in the context of concurrent transactions, and how does it help ensure recoverability and isolation?

Long Answer Questions

1. Discuss the PL/SQL programming language by explaining its structure, control structures, and the use of cursors. Include examples to illustrate how these elements work together in a typical PL/SQL program.
2. Explain in detail the differences between procedures, functions, and triggers in PL/SQL. Describe their roles, benefits, and typical scenarios where each is used in database applications.
3. Examine the role of packages in PL/SQL. Describe how packages promote modular programming, code reuse, and encapsulation, and provide examples to support your explanation.
4. Discuss the mechanism of exception handling in PL/SQL. Explain how exceptions are raised, caught, and managed within a PL/SQL block, and illustrate your answer with appropriate examples.
5. Analyze key transaction processing concepts by discussing transaction state, atomicity, durability, and isolation. Explain how these properties are implemented in database systems and why they are critical for maintaining data integrity.
6. Critically evaluate concurrent executions in transaction processing by discussing serializability, recoverability, and the recovery algorithm. Include a discussion on testing for serializability, failure classification, and how isolation is implemented to manage concurrent transactions